What is meant by hardness of water?

Hardness is a general term used to refer to the CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) content of water. Hardness does not pose a health threat, but it does cause aesthetic problems. It can ruin hot water heater elements, reduce soap lathering, and make laundry difficult to clean. Moderate levels of hardness are beneficial because they inhibit plumbing system corrosion. Removal of hardness using a water softener is necessary only if the water is causing aesthetic problems. Use of water softeners may result in undesirable levels of sodium in drinking water and may increase plumbing system corrosion.

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